Any rule on using 下さい versus ください?

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LazyLoki New member
From: London Registered: 2009-02-09 Posts: 2

Just wondering.  I've seen both but ください seems to be more common.  Anyone have any idea?

Javizy Member
From: England Registered: 2007-02-16 Posts: 770

If you're talking about as auxiliary verbs, then it seems to be a stylistic choice from what I can gather. Although a teacher I know told me not to use kanji, which certainly seems to be more common. Personally, I prefer to think of them as part of the おくりがな. They're not being used in their original meaning, so kanji doesn't make much sense to me, especially when people write ~て置く.

LazyLoki New member
From: London Registered: 2009-02-09 Posts: 2

Yeah that's pretty much what I thought.  I've only ever seen it written with kanji a couple of times.  Thanks.

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Tobberoth Member
From: Sweden Registered: 2008-08-25 Posts: 3364

My current teacher always writes it with kanji. It's just a stylistic choice.

Reply #5 - 2010 March 16, 1:01 pm
Offshore Member
From: Pennsylvania Registered: 2009-02-03 Posts: 210

I always wondered the same thing. I've seen ください everywhere until the other day when I saw 下さい on one of my Wii games. I didn't even know what it was until I looked it up, lol.

Reply #6 - 2010 March 16, 2:11 pm
liosama Member
From: sydney Registered: 2008-03-02 Posts: 896

くだ=2字
下=1字
smile

Reply #7 - 2010 March 16, 2:22 pm
ruiner Member
Registered: 2009-08-20 Posts: 751

I always use 下さい... ください is labeled 'uk' in Rikaichan, but in my limited experience, it's pretty common. It's not the same as writing, say, 有難う or something. My impression, from even more limited experience, is that 置 gets written more when describing 'placement' rather than action? Not that I know whether it's done often rather than just universally using お, but I don't get the impression it's considered odd, and I feel like I've sometimes seen it written that way in those cases. Or did I just make that up.

Last edited by ruiner (2010 March 16, 2:26 pm)

Reply #8 - 2010 March 16, 5:24 pm
albion Member
From: England Registered: 2008-05-25 Posts: 383 Website

http://www5.ocn.ne.jp/~sanai/column/13kuda.html

 「下さい」と「ください」、あなたはこの言葉を正しく使い分けていますか?「ください」は、相手にある物、物事を請い求めることなど動詞の場合は漢字を用いて「下さい」と書き、補助動詞の場合は、「・・・・て(で)ください」と平仮名で書きます。

You'll still see a lot of people using 下さい instead of ください, so it doesn't seem like that big an issue (or at least one many people care about).

Reply #9 - 2010 March 16, 5:39 pm
Aijin Member
From: California Registered: 2009-05-29 Posts: 648

下さい is extremely common. I don't think I've ever used ください in my life, except with lil kids, and it's certainly something you need to be able to recognize because tons of people use it, especially older people.

Reply #10 - 2010 March 16, 7:02 pm
Taurus Member
From: Kofu, Yamanashi Registered: 2008-06-19 Posts: 100 Website

Over on Jgram someone says that Japanese manuals of style recommend kanji with Nounを下さい, but kana with Verb -te formをください。

Reply #11 - 2010 March 16, 7:53 pm
yudantaiteki Member
Registered: 2009-10-03 Posts: 3619

Taurus wrote:

Over on Jgram someone says that Japanese manuals of style recommend kanji with Nounを下さい, but kana with Verb -te formをください。

That's the general rule I learned, that when a verb is being used as an auxilliary after a -te form, it's written in hiragana.  I would say that in printed modern books this seems to be generally followed (at least in what I read), but on the Internet and older books anything is fair game.  Even in modern editions of classical Japanese works they often modify the orthography to conform to this rule (e.g. writing the honorific suffix 給ふ as たまふ).

Reply #12 - 2010 March 16, 8:16 pm
ruiner Member
Registered: 2009-08-20 Posts: 751

That's when it's transitioning from concrete original kanji version to idiomatic/abstract version, right? Like 置く/ておく as place/do in advance... I've never gotten the impression this holds true for 下さい, though.

What I was originally getting at is I get the feeling sometimes, when talking of stylistic choice, that the above is more of a visual guideline (thus not much relevance with 下さい since I think the kanji was already rather metaphorical for it, no?), and thus if someone wanted to orthographically emphasize, even while keeping the 'auxiliary' sense, the original meaning, they would use て-kanji form... ? That's a big leap from my experience to theorizing about aesthetic choices, though, without having read anything about it. ;p

Last edited by ruiner (2010 March 16, 8:22 pm)

Reply #13 - 2010 March 16, 8:37 pm
yudantaiteki Member
Registered: 2009-10-03 Posts: 3619

I don't think it's that deliberate.  More likely it's influenced by what takes more strokes, what comes up automatically when you hit space bar in the Windows IME, and such.

Reply #14 - 2010 March 16, 8:46 pm
ruiner Member
Registered: 2009-08-20 Posts: 751

yudantaiteki wrote:

I don't think it's that deliberate.  More likely it's influenced by what takes more strokes, what comes up automatically when you hit space bar in the Windows IME, and such.

Hmmph. I was really hoping to trap you with that one. Next time... I mean, just kidding. ;/

Speaking of which, 下 is a really fun kanji to write. I don't know why, but I'm very fond of it.

Reply #15 - 2010 March 16, 8:56 pm
atylmo Member
From: USA Registered: 2008-08-05 Posts: 124

ruiner wrote:

Speaking of which, 下 is a really fun kanji to write. I don't know why, but I'm very fond of it.

Sweet, I'm not the only one. I love it when it shows up in texts too. It really is that aesthetically pleasing. I have no idea why either.

..I'm not weird.

Reply #16 - 2010 March 16, 9:23 pm
ruiner Member
Registered: 2009-08-20 Posts: 751

atylmo wrote:

ruiner wrote:

Speaking of which, 下 is a really fun kanji to write. I don't know why, but I'm very fond of it.

Sweet, I'm not the only one. I love it when it shows up in texts too. It really is that aesthetically pleasing. I have no idea why either.

..I'm not weird.

Oh yeah, I just love the sexy way the さ flows after the 下, followed by the pair of い strokes... oh sorry, too much? ;p

Last edited by ruiner (2010 March 16, 9:23 pm)

Reply #17 - 2010 March 16, 9:37 pm
lagwagon555 Member
Registered: 2009-04-17 Posts: 164

Good question, I've been asking this myself for a long time in my head, but never actually asked about it.

Is it the same case with おねがいしますand お願いします?


There are actually quite a few words like this in my sentence deck, I just keep them in the format I encounter them in. I prefer the kanjified versions, but I haven't changed them just incase there are some rules where you should use one or the other.

Reply #18 - 2010 March 16, 11:01 pm
ruiner Member
Registered: 2009-08-20 Posts: 751

So we're agreed, then? They're both common, and only a stylistic difference? That remains my impression.

Reply #19 - 2010 March 16, 11:14 pm
coverup Member
From: 神戸 Registered: 2008-05-21 Posts: 111

I'll agree with that!

Reply #20 - 2010 March 17, 1:38 am
theBryan Member
From: Montana Registered: 2008-05-20 Posts: 66

And so  what is the stylistic difference?  The rule of thumb I've learned was
more kanji = more polite
I could see here that since the kanji means below and is associated with lowering one's self it could really enforce that connotation and therefore making the request more polite--not that 99% of people would think about this upon reading it.

Reply #21 - 2010 March 17, 1:59 am
bizarrojosh Member
From: Shiga Registered: 2009-08-22 Posts: 219

I just asked a native about this question and she said that she thinks you can use them however you like. I.e., there isn't a specific time to use one over the other in daily life that she was able to think of in the 20 seconds that it took her to think about this question.

She's not a Japanese teacher or anything so maybe there might be some context that she's unaware of, but generally she doesn't think it should be a problem to use the one you like in any situation.

Reply #22 - 2010 March 17, 2:08 am
ruiner Member
Registered: 2009-08-20 Posts: 751

For me the difference would mostly be what I think looks cooler and is easier to write and read due to movement of strokes and the use of one kanji vs. two kana, respectively. For other words I will play with the visual-semantic differences, and I appreciate in a kind of ironic way the sense of inbuilt humility with 下さい, but personally for that particular word there's not enough orthographic weight to make me use it for that latter reason as opposed to the aforementioned lightly aesthetic and practical reasons.

Last edited by ruiner (2010 March 17, 2:09 am)

Reply #23 - 2010 March 17, 8:53 am
yudantaiteki Member
Registered: 2009-10-03 Posts: 3619

theBryan wrote:

And so  what is the stylistic difference?

Personally I don't think one exists, but others have given possible stylistic differences.  It's not formality, though, because more formal writing is more likely to follow the "use hiragana for auxiliary verbs" rule, at least when you're talking about published books or articles.

When older authors like Akutagawa or Soseki are republished in modern editions, this is often something that is changed to reflect modern orthography as well (i.e. 話して下さい changed to 話してください), so it's pretty clear that the editors of those editions do not think there's any potential stylistic or aesthetic difference between them.

Last edited by yudantaiteki (2010 March 17, 8:58 am)

Reply #24 - 2010 March 17, 1:15 pm
ruiner Member
Registered: 2009-08-20 Posts: 751

I don't think anyone here meant 'stylistic difference' as referring to some kind of codified aesthetic usage of 'てください' or that there's some kind of rigid rule about how it should be written with hiragana, lol, like there's some kind of civil war at work via 下さい/ください...

BTW, yudantaiteki, you've cited those two authors/republications and the orthographic edits before (edits which sound a bit weird to me, to be honest, I try to imagine parallels but all I can think of are mass market paperback versions of very vintage classics marketed for kids--no idea whether those even exist, though ;p) are you referring to two specific things you've read, or are you saying that you've checked out quite a few of them, a representative sampling? I guess I'm saying I'm wondering whether you're expanding your personal experience too far, or if this is a major trend in publishing that reflects the idiosyncrasies of old/modern kanji/kana? I feel if it's the latter, I'm going to have to make a mental note to condescend heavily to those editors/publishers.

When I try to compare the Japanese writing reforms etc. as they might be reflected in literature, at best I can parallel with forms of other countries' writing that feature archaic language from canonized authors equivalent or near in stature to those two Japanese authors, but even though modern people have trouble with things that are no longer used, those things aren't removed by editors to reflect modern changes (except for specific purposes, like maybe a colloquial bible), they're annotated in print and explained in classes, etc.

"Tristram Shandy was much more digressive than necessary, so we shortened the sentences and made them more straightforward."

"Shakespeare used some very odd grammar and made up words, we rearranged the sentences and took those out."

"We replaced 'thou' with 'you'."

"Austen is well, Austen, so we added zombies."

If you and others more familiar with such things tell me it's a common occurrence that is indicative of a different, more orthographic aspect of modern Japanese publishing, I will take your word for it... I will just consider those publishers my linguistic enemies!! ;p

Last edited by ruiner (2010 March 17, 1:26 pm)

Reply #25 - 2010 March 18, 4:12 am
vix86 Member
From: Tokyo Registered: 2010-01-19 Posts: 1469

Looks like this has been answered well enough, though I wanted to toss something out that I had a few Japanese people mention to me. I too have asked about the "Kanji vs Kana" to some of my Japanese friends. A few mentioned that the use of kana tends to make stuff "sound" friendlier, while an over abundance of kanji tends to take, say an email, and make it sounds very business like and formal.