Advice on becoming a Japanese to English Translator

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nemuro New member
From: Belfast Registered: 2007-09-03 Posts: 5

Hello,
I am in my early 50s and for various reasons my present career will come to an end and I will need to be a home based worker. I am considering various options. Financially, I am quite stable and my other half earns a good whack. I can start at the bottom or retrain and take my time to build something up. I have 3-5 years to prepare. One idea is to become a Japanese translator. I am distinctly unqualified for this. I speak fluent baby Japanese having lived in Japan for two years over 20 years ago. I sound better than I am. I cannot read Japanese and my grammar is crap. . However I am free to study nearly full time for 3 years. I suspect this is not enough.

Also, due to my location I am not near any Universities to take a degree or Masters. I will be self taught (though I have several Japanese friends who have said they would help). Any qualification will be JLPT or similar. I don't know but I think even JLPT Level 1 is not good enough for translation work.

Other disadvantages are that I doubt it will be that well paid. I will never be good enough to translate from English to Japanese. A Japanese with good English will always get this work. I  will not be good enough to be a interpretor. I am not technical (apart from being an private pilot), I do not have a legal background so I doubt I would get the lucrative patent work. Essentially, I am a generalist. I may get aviation work but would not be comfortable with highly technical work.  There are no Japanese companies near here so even if I get good enough, I cannot get inhouse job experience. Not looking good so far!
My major fear is translation software. However, I have spoken to some translators who do not fear this but some tasks have become editing jobs rather than pure translation. No matter how good the software may be, it only takes one incorrect translation or interpretation to render a whole text nonsense and can be critical in technical or legal documents. So they don't worry. I am still cautious, however.

And yet. Whenever I think this through I feel I would enjoy this job. I have set up several businesses and feel I have the skills to make contacts and find ways to make this work.  It is a job one can do well into old age. I do not want to retire. It is also a job that allows mobility (to an extent).  Such a career could develop in unexpected ways.

My concern is that though you can see I am quite realistic - I perhaps still do not know how difficult this could be and possibly fruitless.

I realize this ia a learning forum so not populated with translators. Perhaps you have been through the process or know of others that have done it. I am, of course trying to contact existing Japanese translators for advice but if you have any, I would appreciate it.

PS. Of course I am going through past posts and translation forums, but you may have good advice regardless. Thanks.

Last edited by nemuro (2012 November 19, 4:29 pm)

onafarm Member
Registered: 2005-11-12 Posts: 129 Website

Normally I say to people in this and other forums who want to become translators "dream on". But in your case, I'd say "go for it". You're mature, realistic, have the time to study full time, support of others, and some understanding of the nature of the task. Plus a niche (aviation) which is not very well served. I have had some dealings with JCAB (buying a helicopter in Japan) and it became clear from some of their staff that they needed translators.

As for not being near a university - there are plenty of degree courses that are 'open', and can be done on the Internet. Although they would probably slow you down!

thistime Member
Registered: 2008-11-04 Posts: 223

Give it a go. This is one of those things that I think you'll either be really gung ho about in the beginning and the excitement will fizzle out really quick and you'll lose interest or you will get started and get some traction and start moving in the right direction really quick. So either way I doubt you'll end up losing a lot of time one way or the other.

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Arupan Member
Registered: 2012-08-05 Posts: 259

Sorry but I don't think that your plan is very realistic...

1) Understanding a sentence and translating it are two very different things.
2) Companies are usually looking for younger people. If they do recruit someone who's beyond 50 (and you'll be around 55 that time) that would be thanks to his or hers previous achievements. This rule applies to freelancers as well.
3) You're not alone. There are many freelancers out there.
4) Most text will be technically/politically oriented so you need to be familiar with technical and political terminology. Sadly, a generalist won't cut it.
5) You need to live in Japan in order to have a deep understanding of contemporary Japanese culture. Even if you had lived 20 years ago, it's not good enough.

If you do believe you can do it, I'd recommend you try for a year and decide afterwards.

Miyumera Member
From: Toronto Registered: 2010-08-14 Posts: 172

hm.. Well,my 2 cents. I have a japanese friend who was born in Canada but wasn't very good with japanese even though her family is japanese.  She ended up studying kanji during university, and afterwards moved to japan.  She started off as a translator even through her japanese wasn't 100%.  I'm not sure if she did it privately or through a company.  I'm guessing privately for people in the general population.  After 4 years of living there she came back being quite fluent and she said she learned along the way during her career there.  I'm not sure how comparable this is with your situation since she was in her 20's and she does live with a japanese family.  However, her language ability was general everyday vocabulary, nothing technical.  The technical terms came as she went along and she bought an electronic dictionary in japan to help her translate.  Oh I should mention that she joined the japanese cultural centre here in canada first during high school and started with odd translating jobs with japanese residents here first.

Last edited by Miyumera (2012 November 20, 1:04 am)

vileru Member
From: Cambridge, MA Registered: 2009-07-08 Posts: 750

Here in Sendai, translation work comes my way even though I've never actively sought it. I've been literally handed work from Nikon, Tohoku University, and various travel agencies. I've also been approached by individuals for translation work. I received some of this work before I even obtained my N2 certification! However, I admit that most likely my streak of opportunities is due to the lack of English-speaking foreigners in the area. Nonetheless, I wouldn't be so easily discouraged by the comments in this thread.

An interesting anecdote: I work at an eikaiwa and I know several students who are full-time translators. Overall, they are leaps and bounds ahead of the average Japanese, but it would be a lie to deny that some of them are responsible for the "Engrish" that has become a trademark of Japan. Of course, being in Japan, where the jobs are, gives you an edge over the competition.

Unfortunately, all the translators I know (including the ones on this forum) work in Japan. I suggest finding out what the situation is like for translators who work outside of Japan.

Javizy Member
From: England Registered: 2007-02-16 Posts: 770

Do you enjoy translation? You don't get to decide what you translate based on your interests if you want to make a living, and it can be incredibly tedious at times, especially when the writer of the 原文 is a total hack who shouldn't be allowed near a pen/keyboard. Maybe another thing worth considering before making any commitments.

HonyakuJoshua Member
From: The Unique City of Liverpool Registered: 2011-06-03 Posts: 617 Website

apply to agencies and ask for test translations.

Chiller Member
From: Australia Registered: 2009-04-01 Posts: 12

I say, give it a bash.  Set some goals,  spend a year, reassess progress, then reset goals.

I don't know much about translation, but I am at a similar stage in life to you.  If you can afford to spend the time exploring an interest, have a go. It may lead you where you want to go, or maybe somewhere completely different, or even nowhere in particular.  Hopefully you will know more Japanese than you did before.

mutley Member
From: japan Registered: 2011-01-23 Posts: 129

I think the first thing to be clear about is that in terms of time investment vs financial benefits trying to become a translator from scratch when you're in your 50s is probably not the best choice.
Even studying intensively it's probably going to take 3-4 years to get to a decent level where you can pass JLPT 1 and start building up some translation experience from volunteer/low-paid work or courses. Of course 3-4 years is just a rough minimum and so is JLPT 1, but the point is that it'll take quite a significant time investment before you even start to realise whether you will be able to get translation jobs and if you even enjoy them.
If you really want to learn Japanese anyway then great. It's possible that your time studying could turn out to be a waste of time financially, but if you get other benefits out of it like being able to have proper conversations with Japanese friends, being able to read Japanese books, or watch Japanese movies that you like then it'll be worth it.

Most experienced translators suggest starting with an in-house job, but that isn't really an option for you because of your age and wanting to work at home. It's possible to start from freelance, but you'll need to be able to produce high-quality work straight from the start without any hand-holding. Technical knowledge is a big plus, but even if you just have lots of experience writing non-technical reports, letters etc. within you current job that could be a bonus.

I don't know how translation agencies view hiring older translators with little experience, but I don't think it would necessarily be an impassable barrier if you can perform well on their tests.

yowamushi Member
From: Germany Registered: 2011-06-10 Posts: 32

Okay, let's face it: You're in your 50s, you can't read Japanese, you don't know the grammar, you don't have the opportunity to obtain a degree in translation studies or Japanese studies, you consider yourself a generalist, you are afraid of translation software and you want to become a professional self-employed translator within a few years. Doesn't look that good, sorry. hmm

But you're right, translation is something one can well do into his or her 70s or even 80s. But know that it's going to be difficult. May I ask if you already have language learning experience besides your "baby Japanese"? It may take quite some time until you figure out which learning techniques work for you and to develop the habit of studying in a regular, efficacious fashion. JLPT N1 level is a minimum requirement, even if some folks claim that you can become a translator at N3 level. This is bull, sorry. Of course you can't, because you don't know the language then.

What did you do before? As someone already said, just understanding the language is not enough to become a translator. Translating means transposing what is written in the source text (Japanese), so that it sound utterly as if it had originally been written in target language (English). Due to the enormous linguistical AND cultural differences between the Japanese speaking world and the English speaking world, this is not an easy task. Just look at some Japanese advertisements and try to translate them literally... they will sound incredibly stupid.

If it is the profession itself, and not so much the language that seems attractive to you, what about studying another, easier language? You can also become a translator for French, Dutch or another language that is so much closer to English, linguistically and culturally. You state that you already know some Japanese due to your sojourn 20 years ago, but even if you learn another European language from scratch, it will be a much faster and easier progress than pursuing your Japanese.

nemuro New member
From: Belfast Registered: 2007-09-03 Posts: 5

Sorry for the delay in coming back. I very much appreciate all the advice both positive and less positive but honest and realistic, nevertheless.  I have done more research since.   

I think I could make this work but there are serious obstacles, over and above my existing concerns.  Apart from not being good enough for a number of years, the biggest problem is not being able to work in house for a while. I will  not benefit from the invaluable experience and insight this would give. Going freelance is definitely easier from an in-house background. 

Generalist work can pay well but is vulnerable to crap rates as it is easier or percieved to be easier. The competition for the work is much greater.  Legal and technical work etc requires more accuracy and knowledge. There is a much smaller pool of able people. However, that pool is certainly large enough to meet the market needs.

My specialist areas are aviation and horticulture. Such assignments are fewer. Also, with aviation, though I am a pilot I am not an engineer so I am not sure how proficient I would be, though I am confident I could be useful in this area.

I like writing and language and have business nouse. I could be successful but will need a fair wind behind me. I have lowered my remuneration expectations and will target this as being useful part time income that could rise but not to bank on it. I have passion for maple trees and have noticed a small niche in the market. Again, I cannot compete with large concerns but can make a good small scale return.  Translation and growing Maples will be fascinating pursuits for me and will probably make a living. I hope there is some cross fertilization (pun not intended).

My plan is to study very hard for one year starting  in January and take stock.  I have good support from Japanese friends so I am lucky. One has even said not to learn any Kanji at all for year but just to learn grammar and go through the immersion route learning all vocab through romanji (because it is so much quicker) and concentrate on talking and listening. Then I should blast through Kanji. Not sure about this! However he says when he talks with translators he finds many cannot speak that well. If he were to assign a contract he could not do so with someone who could not speak well. As I intend to market myself there is some truth in this but only some! Don't know enough about it to have a valid opinion.
Mind you, I do remember from my time in Japan that I seemed to be the only gaijin without a Japanese degree and being daunted my Kanji I did not really study it but was so frustrated not being able to speak I learnt the 4000 words in my small dictionary (romaji only) and was known as a good speaker compared with most others. I am sure my grammar was lamentable. The varied vocab made be look better than I was. Also, to be a translator apart form a command of different writing styles I reckon one would need to learn 30,000 words or more. No mean task.  Another debate. I am sure there are lots of valid ways of skinning this cat.

I am lucky to have a few years to prepare and who the hell knows what could happen during this time.

Thanks for all the advice. It was useful.

mutley Member
From: japan Registered: 2011-01-23 Posts: 129

You seem to have a pretty good grasp of the situation, and you're right that you should probably try learning for at least 6 months plus before re-evaluating a little bit. A lot of people who become good translators don't necessarily set out with that as a plan, they end up moving into translation once they already have good skills and are looking for a way to exploit them. It is a long-term goal. If you consider the fact that a large number of students study Japanese full-time at university for 3-4 years and even after that time I suspect that only a very small proportion of them are near the level required to move straight into translation.

Your friend is right that some translators don't have the best speaking ability; that's true for both native Japanese and native English speakers. However I don't think that ignoring kanji for a year is necessarily a great idea (unless maybe you could put yourself in an environment completely surrounded by spoken Japanese). A certain degree of spoken Japanese is important to be able to deal with clients, but if your reading ability isn't good enough then you've got no chance.

thistime Member
Registered: 2008-11-04 Posts: 223

At the very least learn hiragana. You will find very few texts past the beginner level that still uses all romaji. And I find it curious that your friend would associate kanji knowledge with poor speaking ability as in my experience it has been the opposite. The people who only knew romaji had the worst accents. I think no matter how hard you try you will subconciously associate the roman letters with the phonetics of your native language and not Japanese. Learning hiragana will eliminate this.

nemuro New member
From: Belfast Registered: 2007-09-03 Posts: 5

@ mutley and thistime,
Thanks for your comments. I think my friend's advice could work. It kind of worked for me years ago but it is true my accent was not that good for quite some time though I was nearly always understood. One needs good friends who are prepared to pick up one'sbad romaji induced accents. This get tiresome even for the best of friends.

For me,  I am not sure it work would this time anyway. I would always be glancing over at Kanji and thus getting diverted not going down one road nor the other. Given my aim, some intensive study/revision of hiragana, katakana and RTK might only cost me a 3 month delay. On my time scale -what of it.

I have been reading the posts about writing kanji. I have dabbled a bit with RTK to see if I could work with it. One unexpected pleasure for me it the feeling of artistic achievment. I am crap at all the things I would like to be good at, dancing, singing and painting. Writing a nice kanji (with RTK help) is very satisfying for a artistic dork like me.

Last edited by nemuro (2012 November 29, 8:52 am)

Tzadeck Member
From: Kinki Registered: 2009-02-21 Posts: 2484

thistime wrote:

I think no matter how hard you try you will subconciously associate the roman letters with the phonetics of your native language and not Japanese. Learning hiragana will eliminate this.

*Sigh* This is an empirical claim and it's just not true.

Last edited by Tzadeck (2012 November 29, 7:07 am)

Thora Member
From: Canada Registered: 2007-02-23 Posts: 1691

[I'm veering off topic with this post. If it continues, perhaps it should be in a different thread .]

Tzadeck, I looked into this a bit when it came up a couple years ago. The strong impression I got from those readings was that it is true. 'Orthographic interference' does occur. If you have some credible information to the contrary, I'd be very interested to read it. (You seem to comment that orthography makes absolutely no difference every time the topic comes up, so I take it you have strong opinions/information on the issue?)

I don't think your linking to 'Making Sense of Japanese' on this issue is particularly helpful. I don't think you'll find much to support his offhand(?) remarks about kanji. I think he sometimes aims more for the entertainment of strong personal opinion rather than accuracy of information.

The sarcastic response that pops up -  "Well, I learned with romaji, so I guess my Japanese is eternally crippled. lol."  - isn't very meaningful. First, no one claims that using romaji will adversely affect every learner; it will depend on 1st language, learning methods, exposure, etc. Also, some people who are initially affected by it can improve their pronunciation and accents in different ways, if they want to work at it.

The idea is that it's possible to avoid the demonstrated risk, so why wouldn't folks attempt to do that? It's not the huge problem that the overreactions of some folks online would suggest, but I don't think taking an equally extreme position in the other direction is a good solution.

The response that absolute beginners will have to use romaji to initially learn the kana tables also isn't a strong argument. It's not difficult to emphasize the sounds when learning. Romaji can be avoided completed in learning kana or used to show how the grid works, but not relied on in practice. A similar eg would be teachers who use romaji to explain certain verb conjugations, but don't have their students use it for reading.

Even if students are taught precisely how romaji does not represent the actual pronunciation and can produce those sounds in isolated exercises, when they engage in reading where they are concentrating on other aspects (kanji readings, intonation, work meaning, rhythm, pitch accent, etc) they will often revert to mispronunciation caused by script interference.

Students from different native languages have difficulty with different sounds. This is quite apparent in classes of multinational students. Some of this is related to how the sounds in the language differ, but some is related to script. [Romaji based on English sounds can result in even more distorted sounds for some non-English speakers. Script is related to rhythm problems, as well. Some] experienced teachers say avoiding romaji helps reduce those script-related differences. There's also theory and experiments on the effects of script interference.

I wonder what sort of empirical results you would require and whether such an expectation is reasonable?

Some programs are specifically designed to be oral/aural and provide romaji transcripts as a reference only. I see some merit in this approach for folks needing to acquire spoken skills quickly or who have no plans to pursue the language beyond a temporary stay in Japan. Unfortunately, many students rely on those transcripts in ways not intended by the author/method. The romaji in grammar notes in those programs is unavoidable.

I think it'd be more helpful to stress the importance of using audio to develop improved pronunciation at the outset (and ideally get some native feedback), than to to deny the significance of script in foreign language [pronunciation]. They say that accent is the hardest aspect of language to change once engrained.

This only touches on script interference. There are other benefits to learning with kana rather than romaji.
Edits in [].

Last edited by Thora (2012 November 29, 4:39 pm)

Tzadeck Member
From: Kinki Registered: 2009-02-21 Posts: 2484

I guess I was wrong.  On looking it up more it seems that you're right and that it does seem to be an issue for learning Japanese.

I'm not sure what reference I made to Making Sense of Japanese, as that didn't really have anything to do with my opinion on this (though I can imagine the passage I referred to).  My opinion on it comes from when I studied abroad in Japan.  Basically, my program accepted people from two schools that used JSL (a romaji based textbook) and four schools that used Genki (a kana based textbook), and the people from the JSL schools had much better pronunciation so I concluded that the romaji and kana distintion wasn't really a big deal.  (The schools were of similar standing and the students had studied for similar time periods)

So, orthographic interference does occur, but how big a role does it play?  It seems that among the students in my program an emphasis on pronunciation played more of a role than orthographic interference, since the people who used programs with a book that covers a lot about pronunciation did much better despite the fact that it used romaji.  Of course, it's an anecdote so there are a lot of reasons these results could be wrong.

At any rate, I'll be careful to talk about it in the future in such a way to make it clear that orthographic interference does occur.  Sorry. wink

(Edit: By the way, I have some questions about this if you've done research on it Thora, so if you indulge me and I don't forget I might post some questions about this after the JLPT on Sunday.)

Last edited by Tzadeck (2012 November 30, 2:57 am)

undead_saif Member
From: Mother Earth Registered: 2009-01-28 Posts: 635

On a related note, and considering that English isn't my native language, when I was learning the Kana, I started to pronounce unknown English words with Japanese phonetics, this is the reason why I totally dislike Roomaji.

Last edited by undead_saif (2012 November 30, 1:40 am)

jettyke Member
From: 九州 Registered: 2008-04-07 Posts: 1194

In 3 years I'd say you'd probably fail.

In 5 years i'd say it's possible but requires lots of effort.

In any case, you should learn japanese by using translating as a tool of learning japanese.

So you should translate to and from japanese, and get your translations corrected from the very start ( lower-intermediate).

Good luck.


In any case, if you don't have anything better to do, why not at least try?

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