あえて～する

allow oneself to
dare to〔法助動詞dareの場合と異なり、肯定文でも普通に用いられる〕
go ahead and
make a point of
make a point to
make it a point to
make so bold as to
venture to（危険を冒して）


【他動】

dare
presume
risk

【助動】

Thanks again

A specific example would help.

Does this expression ルールはルールだから means "rules are rules" by itself alone (or does it need something else)? If I'm wrong, how do you naturally say "rules are rules"?

帽子を被る, is this pronounced:

ぼうしをかぶる or ぼうしをこうむる

how can I find out how to pronounce stuff? cause sometimes the decks have mistakes.

〜をかぶる

thanks man

Marumaru Wrote:Does this expression ルールはルールだから means "rules are rules" by itself alone (or does it need something else)? If I'm wrong, how do you naturally say "rules are rules"?

I would say it means "because rules are rules" in the sence of ルールはルールだから守らなくてはいけません。 If you want to say "rules are rules" I would just say ルールはルールだ。 although someone else might have a different opinion.

I have a question on the usage of なにとなん in 何. It often seems as though a certain reading "fits", although in relation to a specific example in a grammar close-delete deck I'm making- well, here the the sentence:

「私は広島へ行きたいんですが、電車は何番線から出ますか？」

In the book I'm referring to, it has the ふりがな：なん, above 何. However when trying to type this out with Microsoft IME, it won't allow it. Personally, なに seems to "feel" right, and also 何番線 works with なにばんせん whereas なんばんせん renders: 南蛮船. In this context, it's pretty clear the individual is referring to a train line, as opposed to early European ships, as much as I'd like it to

Anyway, is this simply a furigana error in the book or is there/was there more flexibility to the usage of either なにとなん in 何?

uisukii I'm not very good at answering this kind of stuff but I'd just like to present to you an idea. Try saying なにばんせん and なんばんせん out loud. Which flows better? The latter. As far as I'm concerned the IME is not, and can never be, perfect. I have lots of issues with it when trying to type stuff that has plain furigana from the book and yet it doesn't translate well to typing it in IME. I'm sure you're looking for a more grammatical approach to your question so I'll leave that to someone else. This is my very shallow take on it, however.

The book has the correct reading. Here's a blog post that covers some rules (which are not absolute) for deciding which reading is correct: http://ameblo.jp/kuroibutabuta/entry-10973452373.html

In general it depends on the word that comes after 何. 番 is a counter suffix (助数詞), so the reading there is なん. For IME, try typing なんばん rather than なんばんせん.

This is way below my level, but I'm going to ask a question about this partial sentence. 「そこはわたしも優越感に浸っていられない。」 I've never been very good at grammar, whether it's my native tongue or not, so this looks simple yet I'm having difficulty figuring out the いられない at the end. So the speaker is talking about how, "In that aspect, I couldn't be immersed in a sense of superiority." So 優越感 is superiority complex and 浸る is kind of... immersed or whatever depending on the situation. I'm finding it hard to translate here. But the いられない is just a form of 浸っている but passive and negative? I think if someone better at translating did so, that I could understand it better.

If it helps the previous sentence is talking about a different person and how in a rage they lose their ability of judgement. So I think in this sentence I'm asking about that the girl can't allow herself to be stricken by such superiority?

It's potential and negative, but I think you got that already.

I tend to read this form of -ている as having a sense of impatience or urgency; whether that's in a good or bad sense depends on the context. It may help to compare with the set phrase 居ても立ってもいられない. Or if you just can't wait for someone or something, you might say something like 〜待ってられない。

Basically, if 浸っている is to be "doing" the immersion, then 浸っていられない is more like "I can't be doing this right now". So maybe they're talking about how they had to act instead of standing around and feeling superior, in order to resolve the situation?

あの子がやるとは限らない

I'm trying to understand this because when I speak I tend to use のは or のが more often than とは, in fact I almost never say とは because I don't understand what's the difference here.

Can anyone explain?

It's not really about "difference"; ~と限る is the pattern for "limited by" (or in this case "that's not the only possibility"). You can't use のは or のが here because the preceding phrase is telling you how it's limited, it's not the subject of 限る.

Maybe I'm just finding this と~ patterns everywhere thenかな.

Marumaru Wrote:Maybe I'm just finding this と~ patterns everywhere thenかな.

In this case, you can think of it as a set phrase. とは限らない is very common, and I've seen it in both regular dictionaries and grammar dictionaries defined as a whole.

と is being used in it's quotative way, but remember the word 'quotative' is a bit misleading because it's used in a much wider way than quoting someone's words. Here it's kind of being used to give the content of a situation, I suppose.

は is contrastive, meaning 'as for.'

あの子がやるとは限らない。
In my head, if I were to overanalyze I would think of this as "As for （は） the situation of （と） 'that child doing it （あの子がやる）,' it's not the only possibility （限らない)."

That sentence was just a simple example. Nothing to do with 限らない. This question goes back to a problem I'm having finding と being used where I expect の or rather, finding と in instances where the 'quotative' part just doesn't seem 'quotative'. The は or が is understood as well.

Mmm let's try this, what's quotative? Maybe I have the definition wrong. To me quotative = John said/asked/imagined/thought of "Babies".

EDIT: I should have perhaps explained this was the case in the original post, ごめんな.

Marumaru Wrote:That sentence was just a simple example. Nothing to do with 限らない. This question goes back to a problem I'm having finding と being used where I expect の or rather, finding と in instances where the 'quotative' part just doesn't seem 'quotative'. The は or が is understood as well.

Mmm let's try this, what's quotative?

If you're looking for an explanation that will simply and easily define all the situations where と can be used in this sense, you'll never find one. For this particular situation, you at least know why のは cannot be used, as yudantaiteki explained above. Hopefully you'll get used to it though, and your brain will figure out some rules that you may or may not be able to categorize into simple explanations.

As I said, 'quotative' is misleading, though it is the word usually used when talking about this type of と. It's used to mark quotes, to mark thoughts, to mark the content of a situation, to mark a word that is being defined, and a bunch more. Here, it seems to be marking the content of a situation. I don't know how to explain it better than that.

Where did you read or learn about this "the content of a situation" thing? so that I can refer to that material. Or if you can give it a shot, what's the "content of a situation"?. Bunch of things come to mind. Your other case examples "mark quotes, to mark thoughts, …, to mark a word that is being defined" make sense though.

Marumaru Wrote:Where did you read or learn about this "the content of a situation" thing? so that I can refer to that material. Or if you can give it a shot, what's the "content of a situation"?. Bunch of things come to mind. Your other case examples "mark quotes, to mark thoughts, …, to mark a word that is being defined" make sense though.

I made up the phrase, I suppose, and there might be a better way to say it. For example, you often see (a situation)+というのは+(an explanation of the situation).

Anyway, I've been learning Japanese for a long time so it's hard to remember where I originally heard things, or where the best explanations are, or even whether I made up my own explanations. Sorry, I'm not as helpful as I could be.

Is there any explanation in DoXJ that covers this? The term I know is "complementizer" but that's pretty linguistic jargon-y and not too useful for learners, perhaps.

mourei Wrote:It's potential and negative, but I think you got that already.

I tend to read this form of -ている as having a sense of impatience or urgency; whether that's in a good or bad sense depends on the context. It may help to compare with the set phrase 居ても立ってもいられない. Or if you just can't wait for someone or something, you might say something like 〜待ってられない。

Basically, if 浸っている is to be "doing" the immersion, then 浸っていられない is more like "I can't be doing this right now". So maybe they're talking about how they had to act instead of standing around and feeling superior, in order to resolve the situation?

Thanks

Well, that's my question, how to use the 'complementizer function', that is, how and when to prop relative clauses with の, と, か. Now, I have no problem understanding this when I read it (and more often than not when I hear it), the problem is trying to incorporate this into my speech, when speaking I tend to use only の and use か for interrogative subclauses.

@Marumaru:

This might be of help for you.

というのは

① （接続詞的に用いて）原因理由の説明を導く語。そのわけは。なぜならば。「私は答えに困った。―，そんな事を考えたこともなかったから」
② （接続助詞的に用いて）主語を示す。「話―，そのことですか」