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Names and cultural references are a big part of any language. What are some names and references I should be familiar with so I can survive in Japan? Here's what I got so far:
-Being able to read the most common surnames and distinguishing them from normal words in conversation
-Names of celebrities
-Knowing the names of (some of) the prefectures and wards in Tokyo (?)
-Maybe historical references?
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Like anywhere else, only people who care about celebrities know about celebrities. You don't need to go out of your way to memorize them. It's not much use just knowing names anyway.
Learning the locations of all the prefectures and common names is indeed very useful.
If you're inclined, reading about the Japanese economy can't hurt.
Edited: 2013-07-08, 8:09 pm
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(I am so glad I'm not the only one who worries about stuff like this).
Some shows that keep getting referenced in what I watch is: Doraemon, Sazae-San, Kinpachi sensei, and the occasional childhood-defining shows (original Gundam and the like), but the later would obviously vary.
I think the only history that pops up on a regular basis is the Meiji restoration, though I've seen lots of references to the Battle of Sekigahara and a bit of other Sengokujidai events in shows.
Also there's an anki deck with names of prefectures and wards. So many names, so hard to memorize >.<
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There is so much cultural information to potentially learn that I wouldn't worry about it if I were you. It really is the least of your worries while your general language level is low. As your level gets higher you start picking up on some of the bits and pieces that are relevant to your life/circles. Also there is nothing wrong with not knowing a certain place name, celebrity etc. I'm sure you haven't memorised all this stuff for your own country. For instance, I'm australian, but am clueless about cricket, small town names, history etc.