IceCream Wrote:However, a species is usually determined by whether populations can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. Obviously this is true of all human populations.
"Usually." There are animals who are considered different species that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. Heck, there are animals of different
genus that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. This goes to show how there is no clear definition for any of this.
IceCream Wrote:To define a subspecies, the populations can interbreed, but you still have to be able to sensibly divide them into biologically significant categories. This just isn't possible for humans existing today, due to excessive gene flow. It was the case for neanderthals and homo sapiens, which is why they are classified as seperate subspecies, and, e.g. australians and indians are not. All homo sapiens subspecies except homo sapiens sapiens are now extinct.
It's very much possible, take a look at any PCA chart. Hell, take a look at a PCA chart made by the race-denying scientists. Here, I googled one:
Doesn't take a rocket scientist to understand why Africans and Asians don't cluster together, but apparently it does take one to comprehend that this "somehow, magically," translates almost the same as the old concept of race. Refusal of this fact is entirely due to political correctness. You said "The concepts of race / subspecies and population clusters are seperate concepts, they aren't interchangable.", which is an inaccurate PC statement. It's exactly the same thing, except one has a "racist" connotation attached to it, and the other is a PC term. It's entirely semantics.
Neanderthals, Sapiens, Erectus, etc. are separate species, not sub-species. Homo sapiens sapiens is the sub-species of Homo sapiens. You can further categorize these things as
these are all conventions. You can call different dog breeds as sub-sub-species instead of breeds. You can call human races breeds. You can call them "population clusters," whatever you want. The fact is, the differences are there and scientists can easily differentiate between them. Race is especially important when dealing with bone marrow transplants.
Australian Aboriginals and Caucasian Indians are different races, any PCA chart will tell you that. Australian Aboriginals and Dravidian Indians would map closer, because Dravidians are mixed with both. The existence of overlapping populations does not disprove the fact that races exist. Only in the minds of ignoramuses, perhaps...
nadiatims Wrote:What about the freedom of an employer to hire someone to do an undesirable job that no one else wants to do? What about when you need welders, taxi-drivers, super market cashiers and plumbers but half the local young people are busy studying liberal arts degrees on borrowed money.
Immigration is not a problem in Europe. Socialism is.
The "employer," especially when dealing with large corporations, is in most cases the very definition of scum, and the only "freedom" they should enjoy is a one-hour walk around the prison premises. But I'm not going into that. In any given country, there's enough unemployed people to successfully fill all the required job positions. There is zero need for immigration, it's just that the scum, sorry, employers, want to pay less, so they favour immigration. Scummy politicians favour in a similar way. That's all there is to it.
@blackbrich
Race, Evolution, and Behavior, Philippe Rushton
Race, Genetics & Society, Glayde Whitney
Race: The Reality of Human Differences, Vincent Sarich
Or hell, take one of the most famous race-denying works, The History and Geography of Human Genes by Cavalli-Sforza et al., who explicitly claim they are not describing "races," yet one who wears no PC glasses can only shake their head in disbelief and confusion when reading the book and remembering that statement. (Edit: It's not really a book about the denial of race, it's about the differences in the genome between human populations, but the authors are all race deniers. Maybe they should try reading their own book.)
Or do you want a paper/abstract for some specific point I made?
Edited: 2013-04-27, 2:57 pm